One factor was that in late Fall 1941 Operation Barbarossa was going well. The Japanese decided that protecting their western flank from Russia was less of a concern and that they could redirect their forces into South Asia.
Their historical enemy was Russia. In the context of naval warfare, they modeled their tactics on the 1904-1905 war. So taking out the enemies battleships made sense.
It's easy to see now that naval aviation was a key factor in the Pacific War, but that was as unknown then to the Japanese as it was to the US.