Found this:
-------------------------------------------
Real colors and scale effect
Federal Standard codes given in the charts refer most often to the shade of the original color. Original color shades used on a small scale model will make it appear to dark, and have too much contrast. This phenomenon is commonly known as scale effect on color.
To avoid this, the shades should be lightened by mixing in a certain amount of white. Ian Huntley, a well-recognised authority within aero colors, arrived at the following guidelines (published in Scale Aircraft Modelling vol 5 nr 10):
Scale Add % of white
1/32 7%
1/48 10%
1/72 15%
1/144 23%
------------------------------------------
So the smaller the scale the more white you add. Of course it will get to the point where you add to much white and the "scale effect" is no longer valid and become ludicrous.
James