In higher concentration enamel paint fumes could be explosive! The paint vapor will build up on the filters and may over heat the vacuum cleaner eventually, either way not a good solution.
Your best bet is to rig a exhaust fan to a window and build a box around that, until that is feasible you can spray outdoors up wind of the fumes for now.
The idea is to remove the fumes to the outdoors, some set ups have replaceable filters to cut back on the amount escaping and pollution the outside air. The amount created by hobby spraying is very minor compared to a shop painting one vehicle. Acrylic paint being sprayed using demineralized water as a thinner has no environmental impact or fumes to speak of. Avoid breathing the vapor as it carries tiny paint particles, a paint approved respirator is the best way, with proper ventilation.