I'll start simple; not because I doubt anyone's intellect, but because it's a complex subject. There is the basic steam cycle; boilers produce steam; steam runs equipment; waste steam gets condensed; condensate goes back to the boilers. There, nice and simple. Now, the steam produced by the boilers runs propulsion machinery, power generators, and for low pressure applications; what we used to call 'hotel services'. In order to do all that, all waste stem comes back to the condensers and repeats the cycle, but for the condensers to work, they must have an adequate flow of seawater. The seawater is the condensing agent for cooling tubes and condensing the steam. The intakes for the condensers are usually on the bottom of the hull, and ships that are grounded have a restricted flow of seawater, thus condensers don't have adequate flow. In fact, they tend to get clogged with mud and debris, further decreasing effeciency.
For those interested, I highly recommend finding a copy of the older Navy book;
Principles of Naval Engineering, prepared by the Bureau of Naval Personnel, NAVPERS 10788-B
It details all sorts of shipboard info, from hull and propulsion systems to auxiliary systems and equipment; how they work and the basics of their use.
"Why do I do this? Because the money's good, the scenery changes and they let me use explosives, okay?"