I don't know if the search works here yet, but there have been some interesting discussions about model scales in the past.
Scale compatibility is a relatively new idea (the 1970s seems to be when most of our current scales got hammered out). In the beginning models were scaled to fit a standard sized box, so you would see a fighter in 1/42 scale, a medium bomber in 1/77 and a 4 engine prop airliner in 1/122 (not that they actually put these scales on the box at the time.
Cars (1/32, 1/25, 1/24, 1/16), armor (1/72, 1/48, 1/35) and aircraft (1/200, 1/144, 1/72, 1/48, 1/35) seem to have pretty well settled on their scales although helicopters have split using both the aircraft 1/32 and armor's 1/35 for the large scale stuff.
Railroading "scales" are weird, technically they are gauges because they are based on the gauge of the track (distance between the rails), so you will find some variability in the actual scale. I occasionally buy G gauge stuff to use with car models and it varies from 1/18 on the large end to 1/24 on the small end. You are starting to see some odd narrow gauge scales using a smaller gauge of track with a large train (I think HO track with O gauge trains is one of them).
Ship modelers seem to have it the worst for building in one scale, 1/700 and 1/350 have definitely become strong scales, but you still run into 1/400, 1/500, 1/600, and 1/720. Sailing ships seem to still be using box scales, although that could be because most of the kits were first made when that was the standard.