A tool steel (mold) is cut by an EDM machine, from a CAD drawing. The sprue and attachments are "gates" by which the molten styrene is injected into the mold under pressure. Each cavity in the mold will represent a part. There are two stages of kit design, one is reproducing the subject at scale, and then the "kit" drawing, or assembly drawing is developed to facilitate assemblyof the model. The tool is cut to this drawing.
The mold is loaded into a press and runs so many shots in a production run. Sometimes, water is cycled through special channels in the mold to keep it at the proper temperature. Once the mold is opened, parts are "ejected" using small hydraulic or spring loaded pins built into the tool. Some parts are removed by hand by an operator. This is where you see the round indentations "ejector pin marks" that we love to fill and sand.
Sometimes, "soft tools", (less expensive non production tools) are made first to run test shots to see if the designer and the tool maker have all thier "ducks in a row" before spending the big money on "hard tooling", or production tools.
Steve