With computers being what they are, you can design a layout that's very large in a vector format. This way, no matter how small it gets, the proportions never distort. They can even be printed/exposed directly from the computer. Often the patern is printed by a really high quality printer and then exposed onto the film, which is then attached to the brass. The end result is that you have very tiny and detailed parts that you can attach to your kits.
A seriously insane modeler could theoretically set this up in their own workshop. Not for the faint hearted, but it might make a good retirement hobby business. The exposure unit will likely be the most costly piece of equipment needed.