Some dots were free-hand sprayed, some were stenciled, some were brush painted, some weren't dots at all, but triangles, bars and bow-ties. Some dots were quite large, about 6 inches, others were rather smaller, about 3 inches, some were smaller yet, only about an inch or so. The bars and bow-ties, seen on some late war Panthers and a Sturmtiger or two in particular, were made by hand, not with a brush stroke, but by stippling. That is to say they took a brush loaded with paint and stabbed it onto the vehicle. A slight twisting motion of the brush while stippling created the bow-tie effect. It is important to have good photo references while doing this to produce the correct effect, as not all of these techniques were used on all vehicles.