For WWI USN, the typical working uniform was dungarees, a blue, often denim, product with about as many colors of blue as you can find in a jeans store. Shirts were often a lighter color, sometimes not (much of this depended on the supply; the size of the ship; and the Captain's opinion on how sailors ought dress). Chiefs (E-6) and up typically wore khaki, on smaller ships, like destroyers, sometimes only the khaki combination hat. Officers usually wore wash khaki.
In colder weather, deck jackets or pea coats would be worn. The A2 deck jacket is a medium green color. Pea coats are a black-to charcoal in color. In wet weather, wet weather gear would be worn. This was a dark sort of pea green to green-gray color. Shoes will be black, except for the aviation types, who wore brown footwear.
On sounding the bong-bong-bong of GQ, typically all hands donned kapok life vests and steel helmets that weer stowed near the various battle stations. Since the helmets stayed in one place, they often were painted the camo color of the storage rack. Some ships called for socks to be rolled up over trouser hems, and for flash-hoods to be worn. This depended upon the ship and station.
Note that a number of AA stations were manned by cooks and bakers and the stewards--those crew would often be in their white mess clothing as battle stations. This makes for an interesting effect in the long AA galleries on a carrier.
Damage Control parties had Red helmets. Fire-fighting parties ought to have SBA, and at least one fire-suited member. The HC, Hospital Corpsmen, sometimes had distinctive apparel, on the larger ships--other wise they were more distinctive for having the middling-large Unit Three khaki medical supplies bag with them (and a couple, four, sailors with stretchers trailed out behind)