Regarding the definition of “galleon” – My go-to source on such matters is the twelve-volume Conway’s History of the Ship series. It’s the most thorough and up-to-date (late eighties/early nineties) work on the subject, with articles written by some of the best true scholars in the field.
The glossary in the relevant Conway volume, Cogs, Caravels and Galleons: The Sailing Ship, 1000-1650, defines “Galleon” as follows: “Sea-going ship of the sixteenth century or later, characterized by a relatively high length-to-breadth ratio, a long beak under the bowsprit, and a crescent profile rising somewhat higher at the stern than at the forecastle. Compared to carracks, (q.v.), the lines of the galleon were finer, the superstructure lower, and under sail both speed and handling were superior. Galleons were usually heavily armed, though they were not necessarily specialist warships. The term came to be closely associated with the Iberian powers, so that by the seventeenth century almost any large Spanish ship could be described as a galleon”
That works for me. In other words, the term came to be used so generally that it was almost meaningless.
The good, reliable primary sources on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century galleons can just about be counted on the fingers of one hand. Questions about such details as how they handled their anchors unfortunately just don’t have solid answers.
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