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Santa Maria boats

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MJH
  • Member since
    April 2005
  • From: Melbourne, Australia
Posted by MJH on Friday, November 25, 2005 6:19 AM
Robert;

I'd be happy to collaborate on our respective builds but I'm not sure how much value you'd get from it.  I am happy to accept the kit as-is (especially after reading jtilley's comments above!) and I'm an extraordinarily slow builder.  I gather you're building a Heller kit?  What scale?

I am content with the clinker built boat on my IMAI kit, it surely would have been heavy but I feel sure it would need to have been strongly constructed simply to last the voyage, even unused.

I intend only fitting a few barrels and suchlike (pre-turned wooden ones from the local hobby shop) to give the model a 'lived-in' air, otherwise just as the kit comes.  I'm very interested in wood finishes however with which to give the planking a more realistic look.

As to conditions on board, I reckon they must have been apalling.  What I've read about 18th and 19th century ship-board life was bad enough, imagine how it was 300 years earlier!  Seamen in Nelson's time were (I've read) generally in better health than their shore-bound brothers which doesn't say much for the general health of the community.

Michael

!

  • Member since
    May 2003
  • From: Greenville, NC
Posted by jtilley on Thursday, November 24, 2005 10:13 AM

The Santa Maria is one of the most popular ship modeling subjects in history - and in view of her historical importance that makes sense.  Unfortunately we know virtually nothing about her.  About the only primary source material is Columbus's journal.  Historians and modelers have been combing in for more than 500 years now looking for tidbits of information about the ship.  What they've found can be summarized quite briefly.  She was, according to Columbus, a "nao" (as opposed to the "caravels" Nina and Pinta).  She was the largest of his three vessels.  He mentioned the number of men in her crew (which I've forgotten).  And in one entry of his journal he mentioned that "I let them set all the sails:  the spritsail, the foresail, the mainsail, the main topsail, the mizzen, and the boat's sail on the poop deck."  That's it.

"Nao" is Spanish for "ship," so that word doesn't help us much.  Quite a few historians have suggested that she was a carrack - but even that isn't known for certain.  We don't know how big she was; in fact we have no knowledge of any of her dimensions.  Several archaeological expeditions have gone to the Carribean over the years looking for her remains, but so far they haven't found anything.

Some people think this paucity of reliable information means we shouldn't try to build models of her, because, by definition, the models can't be accurate.  Others (including me) disagree; they think speculative reconstruction projects like this are extremely rewarding because they allow for lots of individual interpretation.  If ten models of the Santa Maria all look dramatically different from each other, this line of thinking goes, so much the better - as long as all of them conform to the available historical evidence.

Quite a few expert modelers and historians of naval architecture have tried their hand at reconstructing the Santa Maria.  To my knowledge the best and most recent such effort is a book in the Conway Maritime Press's "Anatomy of the Ship" series, The Ships of Christopher Columbus, by Xavier Pastor.  That book contains remarkably detailed drawings of Mr. Pastor's reconstructions - including rigging, internal arrangements, and everything else.  Unfortunately it's been out of print for several years.  Used copies show up on the web, but they aren't cheap.

Another fine artist/historian who took a crack at the Santa Maria is Bjorn Landstrom.  Quite a few years ago he published a beautifully-illustrated book titled simply Columbus.  It contains Landstrom's own drawings and paintings of his versions of all three ships.  That one's also out of print, I'm afraid, but easier to find than the Pastor volume - and probably a bit cheaper.

There are dozens of books about Columbus, of course, but if you want to read up on the subject there's one that, to my notion, stands out above all the others:  Admiral of the Ocean Sea, by Samuel Eliot Morison.  It's more than fifty years old now, but anybody interested in Columbus really needs to read it.  Morison, according to lots of authoritative people, was the greatest American historian of the twentieth century.  (He had the rare distinction of getting a U.S. Navy warship, a Perry-class frigate, named after him.)  In my personal opinion this was his greatest book.  It's the product of extremely intensive research, and Morison had the reputation of being one of the best writers ever to get a Ph.D. in history.  The book was a best-seller.  Used copies of it are easy to find on the web - for reasonable prices.  (It appeared in two forms:  1-volume and 2-volume.  The single volume edition will be fine for any modeler's purposes.) 

Morison discusses all the information that was available in his day (the 1930s) about the three ships, and includes very interesting chapters on navigation and life at sea.  When it comes to such questions as how the ship was organized and sailed, and where people slept, Morison is an excellent, readable source.  (If I remember correctly, he thought the sailors - except the officers, who had individual cabins - slept on the deck wherever they could find the room.)

As for the ship's boats - Pastor and Landstrom probably include some general guesses as to what they looked like, but that's the most you're going to find.  Prior to the twentieth century there were two basic ways to build a wood boat:  carvel and clinker.  In clinker construction the hull planks overlap each other at the edges.  In carvel construction they don't; the builder shapes the planks so the edges butt up precisely against each other.  (It may sound like clinker construction is easier, but it really isn't.  In order to keep the boat from leaking the edges of the planks have to be rabbeted - and the rabbet has to taper in width toward the bow and stern.  Watching a good boatbuilder plank a clinker hull is fascinating.)  Both methods seem to have been in use in western Europa during the late fifteenth century. 

I haven't looked at the Heller kit in years, but it sounds like the designers intended to represent carvel-built boats - and didn't bother to indicate the edges of the hull planks.  There's a practical reason not to do that.  Even if the boat's hull is molded in two halves, the planking seams create a problem with undercutting - whether they're raised or countersunk.

I don't think any of this has helped much.  With the Santa Maria, for better or worse, the modeler is largely on his own. Good luck.

Youth, talent, hard work, and enthusiasm are no match for old age and treachery.

  • Member since
    November 2005
Posted by Anonymous on Thursday, November 24, 2005 9:24 AM

Michael,

Well, there we go then. This is all very confusing. I have been searching on the net for other builds of the Santa Maria and the boats shown seem as you describe. My concern is (and since I know nothing about this I am sure I am wrong) if the boats were made of wood, they wood have been pretty heavy to lift into and out of the water. Hence, my thought that they may have been shelled in some cloth or something. Perhaps someone else can give some insight.

On another note: I have been reading about the horrid conditions on the Santa Maria, Nina and Pinta. Food, sleeping, etc. We know that the Santa Maria was a Carrack (Cargo vessel) so I would assume that the holds and mosts of the other parts of the ship were loaded with barrels, cases, etc. I may (A big maybe) try to add some of this detail. But I have to be careful as the most I know is that a carrack is not a crack. (Sorry for the bad joke).

also, do you think that they would of had hammocks strung throughout the ship? Anyone?

It is good to know someone else is currently building a Santa Maria and also a different brands. Perhaps we can compare notes as we go along. Our own tiny group build as it were.

Let's keep up to date if we can.

Robert

 

 

MJH
  • Member since
    April 2005
  • From: Melbourne, Australia
Posted by MJH on Thursday, November 24, 2005 7:29 AM
Dunno how much reliance you can put on it but the (single) boat in my IMAI Santa Maria kit is planked - clinker-built I think they call it.

Michael

!

  • Member since
    November 2005
Santa Maria boats
Posted by Anonymous on Thursday, November 24, 2005 1:50 AM

Hello all,

I decided to start the Santa Maria. Going over the kit there are a few oddities to say the least. Have been searching the net but can not find any information on the boats.

As an inquiry, the boats (2 of them) are smooth hulled. I may be wrong, but would boats of this era not use planking? Or would they have used a rib type boat covered with a waterproof cloth or skin?

I know the detail is too small, but this information may come in handy when doing the painting.

For those who follow, don't worry, I have not given up on the Pamir. I do abit everyday. I am almost finishing building the base for it and the hull is now painted. The deck are on thier second coat and parts of the the assemblies are near completion. The thing that was the most monotonous was painting all the blocks etc.

Robert

 

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