Hi, Steve!
I'm no IJN expert, but as far as I know, the Imperial Japanese Navy used only 2 types of national flag: the simple red ball on a white background, and the red ball with arms radiating. My impression is that the latter was more common, until the end of the war.
Also, I know the term "hinomaru" (disk of the sun) refers to the simple red ball-on white flag, but there may be another name for the radiating version.
I'll ask my Japanese modeling buddies and get back to you.
Sorry, I can't help you at all with your other inquiries!
Brian