If you left too much Vasoline in the cavity it could indeed hurt the shape of the casting. Wipe out the Vasoline- enough will remain on the mold to act as a release. In fact, if you are only making a couple of barrels you may not need any release agent. The hardened resin does not stick that well to the RTV.
Also, you must be careful with air bubbles. The best way is to bring the pour sprue up to the bottom of the casting- making the sprue J-shaped. Then, the design of the vent tubes is important. You must have a vent tube placed at the highest point in the cavity. If the shape of the pattern is complex- probably not true with simple gun barrels- you must have a vent tube at each local high spot.
For a gun barrel, make the mold such that the barrel cavity is vertical when you pour, make the pour sprue J-shaped and entering cavity from the bottom. Then a single vent tube up from the top of the cavity should be adequate.
In designing the mold, try to think like an air bubble. How will you escape from the cavity when the liquid resin pours into the cavity.