I think your dilemma is the curved surface and longer text strings, which as you know want to follow "latitude" lines.
As a sign designer and sign maker, I'd suggest the following.
1. Get a really good durable finish onto the globe. It's going to get a lot of handling.
2. Mount the globe securely in a poles-vertical support. It'd be nice if you can get it to revolve, but not neccesary. Put this on a flat surface, like a table, with plenty of room around it to work.
3. Lay out the locations of the text, in the way a waterline is located on a ship model. Assuming you want the text lines to be level when viewed, the best way to do this is to make something stable that you can move around on the table, and clamp a pencil to in a way that's adjustable.
You probably don't want to draw baselines on your globe since it's already painted, but you can place a piece of Tamiya tape where you want your copy to go. Make marks where either the center, or the beginning/ end of the text would go.
4. I'd probably unspring the globe at this point from its clamps. You'll want to be able to lay down your type with the area you are working on up and easy to get to, well lit. Maybe lay iot down on a rolled up donut of towel.
5. I would suggest using either home made decals, or rub down type. Myself, the latter. Look at the available type you can buy from Woodlands Scenic. There are only a couple of fonts, but lots of sizes and a number of colors, including some metallics.
6. After some practice, unless you've got experience, lay down your copy one letter at a time. I like to start in the middle, but you can run from one end or the other.
7. After you've finished, and NOT to minimize what it will take to get there, seal it all. Again, I strongly urge you to practice on a sample to make sure your clear coat doesn't dissolve your letters.
Nice project, sorry to go on so long. I did a project like this once, bigger object a number of feet in diameter. I used a laser level. I glued on dimensional copy. It was really fun.
Bill