I think it depends on the parts and on the paint.
You didn't mention what you paint with, but acrylics are more touchy about adhesion than enamels, so if you're painting with acrylics, washing is a good idea.
It sounds as though you're talking about plastic vs resin. Resin parts will typically have mold release residue on them which will obviously impede paint adhesion, so if you're painting resin parts, washing is a good idea.
As far as a cleaner, at least one talented resin shipbuilder I know of uses a mild dishwashing detergent to clean his parts. Ironically he also related a story in which he forgot to clean his ship hull prior to painting a masked camo scheme, only to have all the paint lift with the masking tape.
For me, my usual situation is painting enamels on styrene, and for that I don't bother washing. The paint goes on fine and does not lift when masked, so for that situation washing is an unneeded step.
Andy