I'm sure they would be compatible, in terms of not crazing the plastic. I always recommend primer whatever the type of paint, and bet the latex would stick fine over primer.
The thing I worry about with latex is that any latex paint I have used is very thick, so you'd have to thin the heck out of it, and that might create a problem.
Whenever you want to try a new type of paint, the most common method is to find some scrap plastic- either some left over sprue, or a piece of sheet styrene from hobby shop, and try to paint that. You will find your answer, without hurting a good kit.
The idea of latex reminds me of the Painters Touch challenge one of my clubs (a model car club) held. PT is a general purpose paint in a spray can- pretty thick stuff. It does tend to obscure fine detail. Most cars in the resulting contest did have some slight loss of detail, but folks got a nice shiny finish.
So if compatibility test is okay with the latex, you might run a second test, hunting for an old scrap part with fine detail, and see how much detail is obsured by the paint.