Hello!
First off, it would help to know how much power exactly does the motor of your compressor have. I guess it will be a few kilowatt - that leaves you with the primary problem of finding a transformer that's powerful enough - and it will be very heavy and expensive, too. And I believe the motor would run OK, maybe turn a little slower. Other option you could try looking into would be an inverter - but that might be even harder to find than a transformer powerful enough.
Looking at how the California's are built up, maybe you could buy a replacement motor from them - one running with 220V. Install that motor an you're good to go, and after returning to US, you switch the motors again and you still use the same compressor.
Now I don't buy compressors - I build my own using a fridge compressor as the heart of the system. They are very quiet (sound just like a fridge operating) and work nice. Can also be had cheap (most come from wrecked fridges). All the other parts you would need, you already have in your compressor - the tank, all the valves, regulators, quick disconects - maybe that could work for you here, switch the compressor part for the fridge compressor, or just add a few "tees" in pneumatic lines and you would have a "dual-voltage" system.
Anyhow - good luck with your projects and have a nice day
Paweł