If you're going to use acrylics, you definitely need to prime, because acrylics don't adhere to resin or plastic by themselves as well as enamels or lacquers can.
I use Tamiya's Fine Surface Primer in rattlecans, and you'd be able to spray it outside with no problems. I find it provides a good "tooth" for my finish coats to stick to. The surface is very finely granulated, too, which helps finish with a fine, smooth coat.
I also use other primers, though, which you could also use, if you're spraying on a balcony in the open air. I use Walmart's house brand automotive primer-the name has changed a couple of times, but it's still their brand-and Rustoleum. I tend to use those more on metal figures, but they both provide a good base, too. They're a little coarser in grain than the Tamiya primer, but I like using them where I might use enamels for my finish coats.
I also use Army Painter matte black as a primer, for my Maschinen Krieger kits. In that case, I want the black base to support a weathering technique. I use the matte black, apply finish colors using acrylic, then use a silicone scouring pad to scuff the paint and reveal the black underneath.
I use each of those primers, whether I apply my finish colors with a brush or with an airbrush.
Hope that helps!
Best regards,
Brad