Ship models, particularly wooden ship models, may be considered the bast**d child of modeling. There are just a few dedicated color sets for ships, and essentially no dedicated sets for wooden ships.
The colors used during the period are going to be common and relatively available natural pigments. Lamp black, lead white, ochre, red, green, and mixtures thereof
Here is a complete set for the steam ship era
Vallejo Model Color is an acrylic, brushable, water cleanup paint. Remembering that the steam era overlapped the end of the sail era. Many of the colors would be compatible. The picture is off Amazon, but you may be able to find the set through other online sellers