Many really good model builders paint and then cement, without scraping joint free of paint. Their work looks just fine, so that method clearly works for them, can't argue with success.
I always protect joint surfaces, by either scraping away paint or in some cases masking with tiny tape strips. When this subject was brought up in the past, I experimented with leaving the painted surface alone and just painting as usual. The cement did indeed attack the paint, (both acrylic and enamel,) and did attach the parts together.
I allowed two days of cure time, (to ensure the softened paint had sufficient dry time,) then strength tested the join. It did take a little effort to pull them apart, but not nearly as much as clean joining surfaces. When the parts were separated I saw paint and cement in some areas that were not hardened, still a bit moist, and no sign of an agressive attack on the joining surfaces.
Painting and then cementing is probably OK, as it will still provide enough strength for normal handling. But for wing to fuselage, landing gear, tail surfaces etc, better to protect join surfaces from paint. Just my thoughts.
I hope others will add to this, it's an interesting subject.
Patrick