In a word, no.
Prior to going to Wally World, you really need to determine what your needs are. First and foremost is what size of booth are you going to be building? The size of the booth determines how much air you have to move. A small 2 ft. X 2 ft. booth face size is going to require a fan capable of pulling at LEAST 400 cfm. Walmart ain't got 'em. Stay away from range hood fans, computer fans (they don't pull a whole lot anyway) and any other fans that are not equipped with "shaded pole" motors, or have a "squirrel cage" fan set-up.
Walmart also does not have aluminum flex duct (at least ours doesn't here) that you'll need for your exhaust. Stay away from plastic dryer hose.
And don't build your booth walls out of cardboard or some other sub-standard material.
Bottom line: If you're going to build a booth, do it the right way. Figure your requirements, then go visit your local hardware store. In the long run, you'll appreciate the extra time (and money) you spent.
Gip Winecoff