Being an old printer I have picked up a lot of things along the way and some of it is good. To figure out a percentage enlargement or reduction of a photograph (or decal) in this case you need to figure out what size is the finished size and the original size of the photo. Divide the finished size into the original size and you will get the percentage reduction or enlargement.
For instance here is a reduction:
a 2 inch photo down to 1 inch. 1 inch (finished sized) divided by 2 inches (original size) equals 0.5 or 50% reduction.
5 inch photo down to 3 inch. 3 divided by 5 equals 0.6 or 60%
5 11/32 inch to 2 13/16 inch. 2.8125 (finished size) divided by 5.34375 (original size) equals 0.52631578947368421052631578947368 or 53%
Enlargement: 4 inch to 5 inch. 5 (finished size) divided by 4 (original size) equals 1.25 or 125%
In printing a decal a study by Epson figured out that at 224 dots per inch (dpi) and above the eye cannot see the dots anymore. So I usually use 300 dpi for printing. That keeps the art file small and printing faster. I'm sure the smaller file also takes less time for the computer to process.