ABS typically stands for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene), while PVC stands for poly vinyl chloride. (By the way, most kits are made of plain polystyrene)
Many glues for plastics are solvent based; they rely on the solvent "melting" the plastic; the melted surfaces mesh with each other to create a single piece of plastic. Some solvents will dissolve both ABS and PVC, while others will do the job on one but won't work as well for the other.
In other words, I'll need some more info before I can say if the PVC cement and ABS glue are the same thing. Look on your container for the ingredients, and then compare them to what the ingredients of the stuff you don't have. If no components are listed, visit the glue manufacturer's website and look for a MSDS (material safety data sheet)... that'll tell you what's in it, along with what safety precautions should be taken.
Testor's model glue (the stuff in the orange tube at least) is based on toluene. It works OK on regular polystyrene; I don't know if it will work on ABS, but am guessing that it would.
Accelerators are basically catalysts that speed up the curing action of super glues... the bond will be a little more brittle, and the stuff isn't good for you (so work in a well ventilated area).