Smallparts is the place for tubing, but their shipping costs are very high. Try and get everything you need at one time!
For diameters, all you need to know is the actual size of the piece. For example, a 20mm cannon has a 20mm bore (20 / 25.4 = 0.787" inside diameter). Figure about 1/4 to 1/2" of steel for the thickness on each side of the bore and you get about 1.28" to 1.78" outside diameter. Divide that by your scale to find out what scale size you need. For 1/48 scale: 1.28 / 48 = 0.027" OD or 1.78 / 48 = 0.037" OD. If it's a 1/32 scale bird divide by 32, etc.