qmiester,
In large amounts, such as that cup, you are right, it will generate a lot of heat as it cures - for that matter, so will polyester resin. In small amounts, the heat increase is not significant. I depending on what i am doing, I mix up an amount from about the size of a pea and up. The mix is not overly critical - too little, and it never cures, but a short amount of experimentation will quickly give you the acceptable range. The nice thing is that the color intensity of the mixed product gives you an accurate guide to the setting time, which is very useful.
I have mixed up some pretty hot batches, and put them into styrene models with no ill affect. If I had to fill a large cavity, however, I would tend to put it on in layers rather than in one giant dollop. The sell this stuff in quart cans, so you will have plenty to experiment with if you try it :-)
Kurt