This is from the Tamiya USA website. Unfortunately, it doesnt answer your posted questions. However, synthetic lacquers appear to be similar in their mixtures to natural lacquers, except the synthetics are purported to be quicker drying.
Tamiya Metal Primer
Item 87061
Metallic parts like aluminum parts, photo-etched parts, die-cast parts and pressed parts increase realism and strength of plastic models. This is a handy spray can primer to treat metallic parts. It should be applied on metallic parts before paint and it will prevent paint from peeling off the model. As this
transparent varnish (emphasis mine) does not dissolve plastic, you can apply it after assembly of metallic parts.
If you're interested, I found an MSDS from Far West Paint for their synthetic lacquer. Compositional makeup should be "somewhat similar" to Tamiya's offering:
http://www.farwestpaint.com/MSDS/X-4959.htm
Hope this helps a little.
Gip Winecoff