In British and American frigates the break of the quarterdeck usually was aft of the mainmast, but there were plenty of exceptions - and I think the exceptions became more numerous as time went on. By the time the gangway arrangement evolved into the spardeck, the oversized "hatch" formed by the break of the forecastle, the break of the quarterdeck, and the gangways occupied the space between the fore and mainmasts - as on the Lindberg kit. I don't recall seeing a contemporary model or drawing of a spar-decked frigate whose mainmast emerged from the "big hatch."
That Admiralty drawing of the Surprise is kind of hard to decipher, because the reproduction doesn't include the deck plans. It looks to me, though, like she had a separate, raised quarterdeck and forecastle, with the break of the quarterdeck forward of the mainmast. (She was, after all, built in France, and probably deviated in lots of ways from typical British practice.)
The profile view shows the major deck fixtures, including those on the main and berth decks. (They seem a little lighter than the outlines of the ship. That sort of feature on Admiralty drafts was often drawn in red or green ink, which has long since faded - and of course doesn't show up as such in black-and-white photos like this one.) Notice that various pieces of deck furniture, such as ladders, capstans, and hatch coamings, on the maindeck, quarterdeck, and forecastle deckare shown clearly, but nothing projects above the bulwark in the waist. On the quarterdeck just forward of the mainmast is what certainly looks like a side view of a railing stanchion; I think that's the railing at the break of the quarterdeck. There's a small oblong structure near the aft end of the forecastle deck that I can't quite identify - but nothing between that and the rail stanchion. I'm obviously not a hundred percent sure, but I think that space is the gap between the break of the quarterdeck and the break of the forecastle.
The small steps in the rail at the top of the bulwark are decorative devices called "hances." They generally were located in the vicinity of the breaks of the quarterdeck and forecastle. (You can make out one of them in the photo of the Hancock model in the upper left of this page, and more clearly here: http://www.hmsvictoryscalemodels.be/JohnTilleyHancock/photos/photo6.html ).
Most - but not all - sets of Admiralty drawings from this period include the deck plans on separate sheets of drafting cloth. I don't know whether the deck plans in this particular set have survived or not. Publishers unfortunately are in the habit of reproducing only the profile and body plan portions of Admiralty drafts, but the deck plans often are at least as interesting - and just as helpful to modelers. Without the deck plans there is, for instance, no way to tell how this ship's gangways (if any) were configured, or how wide they were.
One thing does come across loud and clear from this reproduction, though. The real H.M.S. Surprise didn't look much like La Flore - or H.M.S. Rose.