As a retired structural engineer, I'm fascinated by the architectural (both on land and sea) accomplishments of prior civilizations. All they had were ingenuity, wind water and muscle power. (Of course they did have the advantage of not relying on computers I read a recent article in technical magazine bemoaning the death of intuition. As one of my former colleagues put it, "data, data everywhere, and not a thought to be thunk")
A couple of books that I enjoyed on the subjects were "The Ancient Engineers" by L.Sprague deCamp and "Brunelleschi's Dome" by Ross King.
Once again, Rick has the correct answer, Themosticles's interpretation of the Oracle's doubletalk saved western civilization from the Persians.
This election cycle shows how things never change. Nearly 2500 years later, western civilization is still locked in conflict with the middle east and politics is still locked in conflict between the sexes....
"Themosticles said "The Athenians govern the Greeks; I govern the Athenians; you, my wife, govern me; your son governs you" -
-- Plutarch