There is an amusing way to word this question that guarantees a "yes" answer.
First, the answer that is really being asked, the answer is most likely a Marine backseater was in a Phantom during that time period.
The other answer is "could have been in anything the Air Force, Marines, or Navy had" during that time period.
There were Marines as aircrew in USAF Phantom MiG kills, USAF in Navy or Marine aircraft doing CarQuals, etc.
one great photo is of a Marine and an a USAF pilot and backseater, landing a Navy Phanotm on Quals, on the deck of a carrier, just after taking the wire and popping the canopy open,,,,,,,both men were on exchange duty, and were cross training with VF-213
But, for the period of 1974-1980 or so, the Marines only had the Phantom, the Intruder, the Skyhawk and the Harrier for combat aircraft. Heck, unless you can find BuNo's assigned for those Tomcats, they might have been just a Cadre squadron then, or flying VF-101's equipment while learning the aircraft. Marines often worked up on an aircraft type new to the pilot while running a TDY with the RAGs, VF-101 in the east was the Tomcat Rag. VMFAT-101, the Marine F-4 RAG was all the way out on MCAS Yuma during those years, anyway.
just some old useless background trivia from an old Jarhead
Rex